The Dynamics of Legal Standardization: A Study of Statutory Codification and Administrative Authority

Rifqi Khairul Anam; Fareed Ahmad Obaidy

doi:10.35719/ijlil.v7i2.462

Authors

Rifqi Khairul Anam Ahmad Dahlan Institute, Probolinggo, Indonesia
Fareed Ahmad Obaidy Maiwand Institute Of Higher Education, Kabul, Afghanistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35719/ijlil.v7i2.462

Keywords:

Legal Standardization, Codification, Administrative, Regulatory Frameworks

Abstract

The dynamics of legal standardization are frequently characterized as a necessary mechanism for achieving administrative certainty and systematic order. This research examines the structural and functional changes that occur during the transition from decentralized interpretive frameworks to centralized statutory systems. Utilizing a structural diagnostic approach, the study evaluates how the integration of traditional norms into a formal administrative framework reconfigures the nature of legal authority. The findings indicate that the standardization process involves the relocation of interpretive validity from decentralized professional networks to centralized institutional bodies, establishing a bureaucratic system governed by modern administrative standards. This transition provides a basis for clarifying institutional roles, where statutory regulations function as distinct administrative instruments. These findings offer a necessary framework for stakeholders, including policy developers, judicial officers, and academic researchers, to navigate the shift toward formalized legal codes. The study concludes by suggesting that the institutionalization of diverse practices necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of centralized state mechanisms for managing complex social and professional norms within a standardized regulatory environment.

References

Adler, Matthew, and Kenneth Einar Himma, eds. The Rule of Recognition and the U.S. Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343298.001.0001.

Ahmadi, Amir. “The Legislation of Islamic Jurisprudence: A Dialogue between Opponents and Proponents.” The Journal of Rotterdam Islamic and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2013): 11.

Alkan, Halime, and Kemal Pekçoşkun. “On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl Osmanlısında Hukuki Düzenlemeler: Ticaret ve Nizamiye Mahkemesi Kararlarının Yanlılığı Üzerine Lojistik Regresyon Analizi.” Sosyoekonomi 31, no. 58 (October 2023): 333–63. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.04.17.

Alsayed, Muhammad Najib. “The Principle of Restricting the Ruler’s Authority in Islamic Jurisprudence: Its Foundations, Nature and Objectives: مبدأ تقييد سلطة الحاكم في الفقه الإسلامي: الأسس والطبيعة والغايات.” International Journal of Fiqh and Usul Al-Fiqh Studies 7, no. 1 (January 2023): 31–45. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijfus.v7i1.284.

Alwana, Hanif Aidhil. “Aliran Pemikiran Ushul Fiqh Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pendekatan Hukum Islam.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 19, no. 2 (December 2020): 147. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v19i2.2375.

Anter, Andreas. “The Modern State and Its Monopoly on Violence.” In The Oxford Handbook of Max Weber, 1st ed., edited by Edith Hanke, Lawrence Scaff, and Sam Whimster, 226–36. Oxford University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679545.013.13.

Arkoun, M. The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic Thought. London: Saqi Books, 2002.

Arkoun, Mohammed. Pour une critique de la raison islamique. Islam d’hier et d’aujourd’hui 24. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1984.

Awass, Omer. “Fatwa, Discursivity, and the Art of Ethical Embedding.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 87, no. 3 (September 2019): 765–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfz031.

Besharat, Shahaqa. “Nature of Crime in Criminal Law and Islamic Sharia.” American Journal of Law and Political Science 4, no. 1 (April 2025): 12–25. https://doi.org/10.58425/ajlps.v4i1.341.

Çetin, Sevgi. “Trailblazers II: Emperor Justinian and Ahmet Cevdet Paşa Codification (or Bringing Order to Chaos) From Corpus Iuris Civilis to Mecelle (Mejelle).” SSRN Electronic Journal, ahead of print, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3541681.

Durham, W. Cole, Javier Martínez-Torrón, and Donlu Thayer. Law, Religion, and Freedom: Conceptualizing a Common Right. 1st ed. Edited by Jr. Durham, Javier Martínez-Torrón, and Donlu D Thayer. Routledge, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315149738.

El Shamsy, Ahmed. The Canonization of Islamic Law: A Social and Intellectual History. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Emon, Anver M. “Codification and Islamic Law: The Ideology Behind a Tragic Narrative.” Middle East Law and Governance 8, nos. 2–3 (November 2016): 275–309. https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00802008.

Fadlallah, Haissam. “Divine Law vs. Human Construct: The Unbridgeable Divide Between Sharia Law and Roman Law.” 6, no. 1 (March 2025): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.57072/ar.v6i1.158.

Foucault, Michel. Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews. Cornell University Press, 1980.

. The Archaeology of Knowledge. Westminster: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2012.

Hallaq, Wael B. Authority, Continuity and Change in Islamic Law. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511495557.

Haq, Farhat. “Sacralising the State and Secularising Sharia.” Society and Culture in South Asia 3, no. 2 (July 2017): 262–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/2393861717703851.

Hart, Herbert Lionel Adolphus. The Concept of Law. OUP Oxford, 2012.

Hidayat, Ahmad Taufik, and Alfurqan Alfurqan. “Pluralistic Fiqh Based On Perspective Of Imam Al-Sya’rani In The Book Of Al-Mizan Al-Kubra.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 7, no. 2 (September 2020): 83. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v7i2.3596.

Hidayatulloh, Taufik. “Navigating Contemporary Islamic Reason: An Epistemological Analysis of Mohammed Arkoun.” Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 4, no. 1 (June 2024): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.22373/jpi.v4i1.23080.

Hussin, Iza R. The Politics of Islamic Law: Local Elites, Colonial Authority, and the Making of the Muslim State. University of Chicago Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226323480.001.0001.

Ikhsan, Muhammad. “Membedah Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Ikhtilaf Di Kalangan Ulama.” Nukhbatul ’Ulum 2, no. 1 (December 2016): 140–58. https://doi.org/10.36701/nukhbah.v2i1.10.

Imber, Colin, ed. “The Social Function of Fatwas.” In Islamic Jurisprudence in the Classical Era, 1st ed., by Norman Calder and Robert Gleave, 167–200. Cambridge University Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511676574.006.

Kocamaner, Hikmet. “Regulating the Family through Religion: Secularism, Islam, and the Politics of the Family in Contemporary Turkey.” American Ethnologist 46, no. 4 (November 2019): 495–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12836.

Kökerer, Can Mert. “Max Weber and Carl Schmitt on Legitimate Domination: Belief in Legitimacy or Acknowledgement of Legitimacy?” Critical Sociology 51, no. 6 (September 2025): 1209–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/08969205241276797.

Lamond, G. “Legal Sources, the Rule of Recognition, and Customary Law.” The American Journal of Jurisprudence 59, no. 1 (June 2014): 25–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajj/auu005.

Latif Fauzi, Muhammad. Aligning Religious Law and State Law: Negotiating Legal Muslim Marriage in Pasuruan, East Java. BRILL, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004516113.

Layish, Aharon. “The Transformation Of The Sharī’a From Jurists’ Law To Statutory Law In The Contemporary Muslim World.” Die Welt Des Islams 44, no. 1 (2004): 85–113. https://doi.org/10.1163/157006004773712587.

Manshur, Fadlil Munawwar. “Kritik Rasionalisme Mohammed Arkoun Terhadap Budaya Intelektual Arab-Islam.” TAJDID 30, no. 1 (November 2023): 1. https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v30i1.1161.

March, Andrew F. “The Transformation of Islamic Law in Modernity.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of the Middle East, 1st ed., edited by Armando Salvatore, Sari Hanafi, and Kieko Obuse, 319–35. Oxford University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190087470.013.6.

Mas’ud, Muhamad. “The Application Of Islamic Law At The Colonial Age And It’s Implication For The Indonesian Religious Justice System.” Journal of Islamicate Studies 1, no. 2 (January 2019). https://doi.org/10.32506/jois.v1i2.459.

Mawardi, Imam. “Islamic Law and Imperialism: Tracing on The Development of Islamic Law In Indonesia and Malaysia.” AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 13, no. 1 (July 2018): 1. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-ihkam.v13i1.1583.

Muqtada, Muhammad Rikza. “Utopia Khilāfah Islāmiyyah: Studi Tafsir Politik Mohammed Arkoun.” Jurnal Theologia 28, no. 1 (September 2017): 145–64. https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2017.28.1.1410.

Noyan, İsmail. “Ahmet Cevdet Pasha and Change: A Three-Tiered Approach.” Thesis, 2018. http://risc01.sabanciuniv.edu/record=b1819760 (Table of Contents).

Poggi, Gianfranco. 4. The Nation-State. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0006.

Prasetyo, Yogi, and Absori Absori. “Study Of Legal Positivism.” Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 2 (December 2019): 21–37. https://doi.org/10.14421/sh.v8i2.2133.

Quraishi, Asifa, and Mohammad Hashim Kamali. “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence.” Journal of Law and Religion 15, no. 1/2 (2000): 385. https://doi.org/10.2307/1051529.

Quraishi-Landes, Asifa. “The Sharia Problem with Sharia Legislation.” Ohio NUL Rev. 41 (2014): 545.

Ransom, John S. Foucault’s Discipline: The Politics of Subjectivity. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.

Rezan, Muhammad, and Naupal Naupal. “De-Radicalization Of Fundamentalism Through The Thought Of Mohammed Arkoun.” International Review of Humanities Studies 4, no. 1 (January 2019). https://doi.org/10.7454/irhs.v4i1.107.

Rozpedowski, Joanna K. “Law, Secularism, and the Evolution of the ‘Human’ in International Legal Discourse and Global Governance.” In Why Religion? Towards a Critical Philosophy of Law, Peace and God, edited by Dawid Bunikowski and Alberto Puppo, 225–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35484-8_11.

Salaymeh, Lena, and Shai Lavi. “Religion Is Secularised Tradition: Jewish and Muslim Circumcisions in Germany.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 41, no. 2 (July 2021): 431–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqaa028.

Samuel, Sigmund. “The Codification of Law.” U. Toronto LJ 5 (1943): 148.

Sewilam, Heba Abdel Halim. The Jurisprudential Problems of the Early Codification Movement in the Middle East: A Case Study of the Ottoman Mejelle and the 1949 Egyptian Civil Code. University of California, Los Angeles, 2011.

Shaham, Ron. “The Rhetoric of Legal Disputation.” Islamic Law and Society 22, nos. 1–2 (February 2015): 114–41. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-02212p04.

Sharif, Dziauddin, Norizah Mohamed, Wan Noor Hazlina Wan Jusoh, Amal Hayati Ishak, and Fadhilah Adibah Ismail. “The Methodology of Comparative School of Thought on Al-Rahn Discussion: A Reference to the Selected Islamic Jurisprudence Classical Books.” Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam, April 30, 2020, 47–78. https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.sp2020no1.3.

Steiner, Kerstin. “Branding Islam: Islam, Law, and Bureaucracies in Southeast Asia.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 37, no. 1 (April 2018): 27–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341803700102.

Tajdin, Mustapha. “SHARĪʿA AS STATE LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF ʿALLĀL AL-FĀSĪ’S CONCEPT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF ISLAMIC LAW.” Journal of Law and Religion 35, no. 3 (December 2020): 494–514. https://doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2020.41.

Tuşalp, Emine Ekin. Treating Outlaws and Registering Miscreants in Early Modern Ottoman Society: A Study on the Legal Diagnosis of Deviance in Şeyhülislam Fatwas. 2005.

Wacks, Raymond. Understanding Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198723868.001.0001.

Weber, Max. “Law, Legitimation and Rationality.” In Jurisprudence, 3rd ed., by Scott Veitch, Emilios Christodoulidis, and Marco Goldoni, 71–82. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2018]: Routledge, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315795997-7.

Yaakub, Mohamad Anas Bin Mohamad, Wan Abdul Rahman Bin Wan Ibrisam Fikry, and Aminuddin Bin Ruskam. “The Role of Fiqh Ikhtilaf in the Implementation of Congregational Prayers During COVID-19.” KnE Life Sciences, ahead of print, September 13, 2022. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v0i0.11808.

Zada, Sebghatullah Qazi, and Mohd Ziaolhaq Qazi Zada. “Codification of Islamic Law in the Muslim World: Trends and Practices.” Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences 6, no. 12 (2016): 160–71.